Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world. Despite all the complexity, there are methods that can simplify one’s life. First of all, you need to follow a certain diet.
If you adhere to the prescribed diet, then diabetes will not affect general well-being in any way, and in addition, the chances of various types of complications, including heart attack, stroke, etc. , will be reduced.
Type of diet
Diet for diabetes is determined depending on the type of disease itself and age category. So there are general principles for building proper nutrition, which are adapted based on the individual indications of the human body.
Since it is impossible to cure the disease, certain menus are assigned to reduce the dangers from it. Eating the right foods at the right time is important to:
- reduce the risk of chronic and acute complications,
- maintain strong health and immunity,
- prevent or reduce weight gain,
- keep blood sugar levels within acceptable limits.
There are two types of diabetes. The first, in other words, is called insulin -dependent. Its development is associated with damage and death of cells located in the pancreas and responsible for insulin production.
Thus, nutrition aims to maintain the process of insulin therapy and is an additional method of controlling the disease. The principles are similar to those followed by healthy people in achieving good figure and well -being.
The main difference is the need to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. Since the treatment of type 1 diabetes consists of insulin intake, you need to monitor what percentage of your daily diet is given for carbohydrates. As a rule, it should not exceed 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, it is also not insulin -dependent, develops in obese people, so, thus, diet is the first. In the early stages of the disease or mild, the point is to rationally get rid of excess weight.
When this type of diabetes reaches a moderate or severe form, then in addition to diet, medications are prescribed to lower blood sugar, or insulin. Keep in mind that in such cases, you also need to pay special attention to physical activity. Thanks to them, problems like obesity can be solved without surgery.
The most popular diets are the tables 8 and 9 mentioned. The eighth diet schedule applies to those who are overweight or tend to be obese. The ninth is taken as the basis for determining the diet for diabetics.
Diet number 9 for diabetes
Diet No. 9 is considered curative and is prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates). This also aims to prevent disorders related to fat metabolism. The caloric content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
Such a diet is characterized as follows:
- caloric content should be reduced by consuming animal fats and easily digestible carbohydrates (except sweets and sugars),
- partial restriction or complete elimination of cholesterol and salt,
- take more vitamins and fiber,
- protein content must be in the normal range.
All healthy diets, including the ninth, are based on proper food intake. You need to eat regularly and in small portions. Overall, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Fried or boiled foods should be eaten as little as possible or forgotten altogether. In the first place should be baked and boiled. It is best to plan the menu for a week, as it will make it easier to keep an eye on it. Particular preference should be given to the following products:
- lean meat
- lean fish
- vegetables containing no more than 5% carbohydrates,
- fruits (not all),
- natural drinks without sugar.
For seasonings and eggs, their use should be limited. This is especially true of egg yolks. The amount of protein per day should not exceed 1. 5 pieces. Besides the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the menu for diabetes, pasta, pasta and puff pasta, pickled vegetables are also prohibited.
Bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all their derivatives should not be eaten categorically. The same goes for fats like pork, lamb and beef. To get the necessary fats, you should eat butter (without salt) and vegetable oils in moderation.
Diet number 9 is the basis used in the intake of necessary nutrients. Depending on the personal indications of the person with diabetes, it is customized. There are many different types of diets that you can combine and get the one that suits you.
What is a Bread Unit?
Since the proper aspect of nutrition for diabetics is consuming a certain amount of carbohydrates, then you should know how the valued norm is determined, which depends on how much and what foods you need to eat.
All products, including carbohydrates, have different physical properties and calories. These characteristics do not depend on common measurement methods. In addition, nutrition in diabetes mellitus requires increased control over their own daily intake.
To make it easier to determine how much you need to consume this or that product and not go beyond what is allowed, nutritionists have introduced the term "bread unit". This concept is used in cases where diabetes is prescribed insulin intake.
With a measured unit, it is easier for a person to understand what can be eaten and drunk, and what is not. She compiles her healthy menu based on personal cues, and is even able to change some foods to other foods that contain carbohydrates.
As a rule, one should take 18 to 25 such units per day. Since there must be five meals, it is logical to distribute this amount rationally each time. The main "dose" should enter the body in the first half of the day. To find out the number of units of bread eaten, you can write your own menu by day.
How many calories per day to eat?
The diabetes mellitus diet requires the rejection of many foods and dishes that were previously included in the daily diet. However, you should not confuse foods that allow you to normalize sugar levels with those needed for extra weight loss.
The diet for type 1 diabetes aims precisely at calculating how much insulin is needed. The caloric content in this case does not play a significant role. It must be monitored so as not to gain weight.
The type 2 diabetes diet does require increased control of calorie intake, as it often occurs when there is obesity. However, it is also not appropriate to lead them to fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated depending on individual indicators of the body. The diet itself must be low in carbohydrates, but that does not indicate a complete lack of carbohydrates. You need to eat your fill, but it’s important not to overeat.
When the question arises about what you can eat with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you should sit almost on breadcrumbs and water. This is completely impossible. Food should be complete, contain vitamins and fiber.
There are various recipes for delicious, satisfying and at the same time healthy dishes that will not allow you to recover, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy. What specific foods to eat and how many calories are allowed each day should be discussed with your doctor.
Useful and unhealthy foods
Low carb diets are different. For healthy people, they are less strict than someone who has been diagnosed with diabetes. But they have the same meaning. They differ in the list of main products, which are divided into healthy and harmful for diabetics.
Useful
- all kinds of vegetables,
- vegetables (spinach, sorrel, dill),
- mushrooms,
- meat and fish (lean),
- Coffee and tea,
- mineral water.
Harmful
Increase sugar moderately:
- potatoes,
- grain,
- pasta, including hard types,
- dairy product.
Increase sugar:
- candy,
- love,
- drinks with added sugar,
- alcohol,
- wine and its derivatives,
- hot and salty seasonings.
This product division is generally accepted and is often used as a platform to develop a diabetes mellitus menu. But what is good for one can be bad for another. Since everything is relative, an individual diet is provided for each diabetic patient.
How to eat for obesity
It is believed that to lose weight, you should adhere to a low -calorie diet. But the bottom line is, it doesn’t work. Many studies show that with a decrease in the calorie content in your diet, other than constant hunger pangs, to fainting from hunger, anxiety and other things, nothing happens.
With such a diet, it is possible to lose weight literally by a few kilograms, but if at the same time the body is distinguished by good elasticity and muscle, then this is what will leave it in the first place. Subcutaneous fat will not go anywhere, and sometimes, on the contrary, will accumulate even more.
A protein diet involves active protein intake and a parallel reduction in the amount of fat and carbohydrates. The approach itself is not bad, but also has its own nuances. Again, it is impossible to overeat with protein, and it is strictly forbidden to remove fat from food. Lack of carbohydrates will cause significant energy loss.
In the end, it all becomes a low -carb diet again. By itself, it is necessary to lower the sugar. In losing weight, he is not really a savior, but from all that is presented he is the best. The advantage is that all the elements needed to maintain vital activity enter the body.
Therefore, when there is a lot of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, the body does not need to make savings. Metabolism begins to function like clockwork, there is no chronic hunger, the symptoms of the disease almost disappear, and the person becomes more active.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain a healthy body with type 1 diabetes, the same low -carbohydrate diet is needed. But in this case, must be firm. Table numbers do not play a special role here, although diet number 9 is often taken as a basis.
The problem is that although the effects of insulin are very different, it is therefore quite difficult to normalize the indicators. That is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain diet. The less carbohydrates enter the body, the less insulin is needed.
It should be understood that your own diet is interrelated with your personal insulin dose. Therefore, when expanding your menu, you need to take into account the amount of the drug. It’s best to schedule it every day so it’s easier to follow.
Diet for type 2 diabetes
Since type 2 diabetes is less complex than type 1 diabetes, diet is very important to lose weight and prevent it in the future. Again, a low -carb diet is also recommended. Of course, this is a adjusted diet. Its significance is in the normalization of glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as in the control of insulin resistance.
A number of people practice taking various diet pills and treatment with folk remedies. You should forget about the first one, because at least there will be no sense from these drugs.
Folk remedies, as a rule, consist of each infusion and herbal ingredients. If you really understand medicinal plants, then maybe something will come, but you should not make them the basis of treatment.
Renal failure
Against the background of this disease, renal failure can develop. It should be understood that it is not due to dietary protein, as one people believe, but by high blood sugar levels.
The active development of such diseases is delayed when glucose levels return to normal. For this, diet helps. Protein is not excluded from the diet, but you need to work with carbohydrates. Proper nutrition for the average person can even cause the kidneys to be fully restored.
However, if this process is done in an extreme way, then there will be no return to a healthy kidney. Moreover, in cases like this, a low-carbohydrate diet can speed up the destructive process. To not cause this, you need to monitor your condition, and to control your diet, a schedule made for yourself will help, where meals and insulin doses are scheduled, if necessary.
Another important thing
Diabetes can develop at any age. In children, this can happen against the background of the fact that there are too many flour products, sweets. Finding the problem in a timely manner and starting to solve it properly, you can avoid complications.
In women, the disease can occur for a variety of reasons. Persistent stress, excessive eating (most unhealthy foods), as well as inactivity can lead to overweight and, consequently, type 2 diabetes.
Often there are situations when the disease arises during pregnancy. This is due to a hormonal imbalance. In addition, a woman during this period can actively consume foods that can lead to the development of diabetes.
As a rule, there is a less strict diet for pregnant women, which aims to normalize processes in the body and lose weight partially, but at the same time without harming the fetus.
With gestational diabetes mellitus or diabetes during pregnancy, a strict diet can only be discussed with a specialist. The diet should be adjusted taking into account the fact that there is a parallel fetal development. By excluding any product, you could endanger the unborn baby.
Type 2 diabetes develops slightly more rarely in men than women. This is due to the fact that they have a slightly accelerated metabolism. But junk food, alcohol addiction and little physical activity can cause such problems.